1.pwd显示当前所在目录路径
解释：pwd = print working directory 显示当前所在的目录 [root@localhost run] # pwd /run [root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
2.cd切换目录、进入文件夹
解释： cd ---> change directory 改变目录信息 ##注意点 /目录 表示绝对路径 ； 目录 表示相对路径 #绝对路径的方式 [root@localhost run]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts [root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc [root@localhost etc]# cd /etc [root@localhost etc]# cd /home [root@localhost home]# pwd /home #相对路径的方式 [root@localhost home]# cd /etc [root@localhost etc]# cd sysconfig/ [root@localhost sysconfig]# pwd /etc/sysconfig # 快速回到进入自己的家目录 [root@localhost sysconfig]# cd ~ [root@localhost ~]# pwd /root [root@localhost ~]# cd /root [root@localhost ~]# pwd /root [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# cd # 回到家目录 [root@localhost ~]# # 快速回到自己进过的目录 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/ [root@localhost sysconfig]# cd /bin [root@localhost bin]# pwd /bin [root@localhost bin]# cd - /etc/sysconfig [root@localhost sysconfig]# pwd /etc/sysconfig [root@localhost sysconfig]# #返回当前路径的上一级目录 [root@localhost lib]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts [root@localhost network-scripts]# cd ../ [root@localhost sysconfig]# pwd /etc/sysconfig [root@localhost sysconfig]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# cd ../../ [root@localhost etc]# pwd /etc [root@localhost etc]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# cd ../../../../../../../../../ [root@localhost /]# pwd /
3.ls列出当前目录（文件夹）下的文件
ls ----> list [root@localhost /]# cd oldboy/ [root@localhost oldboy]# ls oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl [root@localhost oldboy]# ls ol # 判断有没有改文件或文件夹 ls: cannot access ol: No such file or directory [root@localhost oldboy]# ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 24 18:09 oldboy.txt drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 29 Mar 24 18:10 olddog drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Mar 24 18:06 oldgirl [root@localhost oldboy]# ls -ltr total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Mar 24 18:06 oldgirl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 24 18:09 oldboy.txt drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 29 Mar 24 18:10 olddog [root@localhost oldboy]# ls -lt total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 29 Mar 24 18:10 olddog -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 24 18:09 oldboy.txt drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Mar 24 18:06 oldgirl # ls -l 默认是创建时间最新到最老排序（测试是按照文件名排序） # ls -lt 创建时间最新到最老排序 # ls -ltr 创建时间最老到最新排序 ls -a 表示查看当前文件夹底下的所有文件，包括隐藏文件
4.cat查看文件内容
# cat 是查看文件信息 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat /oldboy/oldboy.txt 123 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat oldgirl.txt 456 #查看多个文件的文件信息 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat oldboy.txt oldgirl.txt 123 456 # 将文件中的内容读取出来，放入到另一个文件中 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat oldboy.txt oldgirl.txt > jason.txt # 创建并覆盖写入 >>为接着写入 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat jason.txt 123 456
5.mkdir创建目录(文件夹）
mkdir ---> make directory [root@localhost /]# cd /oldboy -bash: cd: /oldboy: No such file or directory [root@localhost /]# mkdir /oldboy [root@localhost /]# cd /oldboy/ [root@localhost oldboy]# pwd /oldboy #用-p参数创建多级目录 [root@localhost oldboy]# mkdir /oldboy/olddog/jason mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/oldboy/olddog/jason’: No such file or directory [root@localhost oldboy]# mkdir /oldboy/olddog [root@localhost oldboy]# mkdir /oldboy/olddog/jason [root@localhost oldboy]# cd /oldboy/olddog/jason/ [root@localhost jason]# pwd /oldboy/olddog/jason [root@localhost jason]# cd / [root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /oldboy/oldgirl/tank [root@localhost /]# cd /oldboy/oldgirl/tank/ [root@localhost tank]# pwd /oldboy/oldgirl/tank #我们在创建目录的时候最好是用绝对路径
6.touch创建文件
[root@localhost tank]# cd /oldboy/ [root@localhost oldboy]# pwd /oldboy [root@localhost oldboy]# touch oldboy.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# ls oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl [root@localhost oldboy]# touch /oldboy/olddog/jj [root@localhost oldboy]# ls /oldboy/olddog/ jason jj #在linux里面不会通过后缀名来区分文件的类型，但是我们约定，你什么样的文件，就用什么后缀名，免得搞不清楚
7.echo将内容写入文件
# 直接输出信息 [root@localhost oldboy]# echo "hello world" hello world # 将echo的内容写入到文件 ，> 是覆盖写入，>> 是追加写入 [root@localhost oldboy]# echo "hello world" > lxx.txt # 创建并覆盖写入 [root@localhost oldboy]# ls jason.txt lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cat lxx.txt hello world [root@localhost oldboy]# echo "hello world" > lxx.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cat lxx.txt hello world [root@localhost oldboy]# echo "hello world" >> lxx.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cat lxx.txt hello world hello world
8.cp复制
# cp --->copy 语法格式： cp 参数（可选） 要复制的信息 复制到什么位置 # 在复制文件。在复制文件的时候，要复制的文件不要加/,一般是只能复制目录的时候加/ [root@localhost oldboy]# cp /etc/hosts /oldboy/ [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cat hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 [root@localhost oldboy]# cp /etc/hosts /oldboy/ # 复制文件夹已存在该文件 cp: overwrite ‘/oldboy/hosts’? y # 是否覆盖 # 复制文件夹 [root@localhost sysconfig]# cp /etc/sysconfig/ /oldboy/oldgirl cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/sysconfig/’ [root@localhost sysconfig]# cp -r /etc/sysconfig/ /oldboy/oldgirl #复制整个文件夹 -r递归里面所有 [root@localhost sysconfig]# cd /oldboy/oldgirl [root@localhost oldgirl]# ls sysconfig tank [root@localhost oldgirl]# cd /oldboy/oldgirl/sysconfig/ [root@localhost sysconfig]# pwd /oldboy/oldgirl/sysconfig cp :的参数 -r 进行递归复制 -p 拷贝是时候属性保存不变 -d 和链接相关的文件 -a == -drp # 全部 # 利用cp做备份 [root@localhost oldboy]# cat jason.txt 123 456 [root@localhost oldboy]# cp jason.txt jason.txt.bak # 一般备份文件以.bak命名 [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt jason.txt.bak lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# rm -rf jason.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt.bak lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cp jason.txt.bak jason.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt jason.txt.bak lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# cat jason.txt 123 456 # 如果cp的时候，多个文件覆盖，会出现多次确定，如何避免 [root@localhost oldboy]# cp -r /etc/sysconfig/ /oldboy/oldgirl cp: overwrite ‘/oldboy/oldgirl/sysconfig/ip6tables-config’? y cp: overwrite ‘/oldboy/oldgirl/sysconfig/iptables-config’? y cp: overwrite ‘/oldboy/oldgirl/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt’? ^C #解决办法 \cp 不重复提示 [root@localhost oldboy]# \cp -r /etc/sysconfig/ /oldboy/oldgirl
9.mv剪切文件或重新命名
mv --move 对文件或者文件夹进行剪切（移动） 语法格式： mv 要移动的文件或者文件夹 移动要什么位置 #在根目录创建test文件夹，然后创建heihei.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# mkdir /test [root@localhost oldboy]# cd /test [root@localhost test]# touch heihei.txt # 将 /test/heihei.txt文件 剪切（移动）到/oldboy/shanghai/的文件夹， [root@localhost test]# mv /test/heihei.txt /oldboy/shanghai/ mv: cannot move ‘/test/heihei.txt’ to ‘/oldboy/shanghai/’: Not a directory #创建/oldboy/shanghai文件夹 [root@localhost test]# mkdir /oldboy/shanghai [root@localhost test]# mv /test/heihei.txt /oldboy/shanghai/ [root@localhost test]# cd /oldboy/shanghai [root@localhost shanghai]# ls heihei.txt #原来的/test/heihei.txt文件消失 [root@localhost shanghai]# cd /test [root@localhost test]# ls # 将 /test/heihei.txt文件 剪切（移动）到/oldboy/shanghai，如果不加/,表示将heihei.txt文件内容写入 shanghai，文件，并将名字改成shanghai # 在linux系统没有重命名这个东西，我们可以同mv 命令实现 [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt jason.txt.bak lxx.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt shanghai [root@localhost oldboy]# mv lxx.txt lxxsb.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt jason.txt.bak lxxsb.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt shanghai
10.rm删除命令
rm --->remove 语法：rm 参数 要删除的数据信息 #删除文件 [root@localhost ~]# cd /oldboy/ [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt jason.txt.bak lxxsb.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt shanghai [root@localhost oldboy]# rm jason.txt.bak rm: remove regular file ‘jason.txt.bak’? y [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt lxxsb.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt shanghai # 删除文件夹 [root@localhost oldboy]# rm shanghai rm: cannot remove ‘shanghai’: Is a directory [root@localhost oldboy]# rm -r shanghai rm: descend into directory ‘shanghai’? y rm: remove regular empty file ‘shanghai/heihei.txt’? y rm: remove directory ‘shanghai’? y #强行删除 [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt lxxsb.txt oldboy.txt olddog oldgirl oldgirl.txt [root@localhost oldboy]# rm -f oldboy.txt # -f不提醒，保存删除文件不存在 [root@localhost oldboy]# rm -rf olddog [root@localhost oldboy]# ls hosts jason.txt lxxsb.txt oldgirl oldgirl.txt #centos7这个命令会保护 rm -rf / #rm -rf /* 不受保护
11.vi、vim文件编辑器
